He was an active opponent of the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine. In 1936, he incited the Arabs to revolt in Palestine. In 1939, he went to Iraq, which under Nuri el-Said was pro-British, and helped overthrow the government and install the pro-German Rashid Ali. But a month later the British invaded Iraq and he had to go into exile in Germany. He spent the rest of the war helping the Axis introduce Mohammedan units into the ranks of the German army. In 1945, he was placed under arrest in France, but managed to escape to Cairo in 1946.Signed printed photograph applied to cardboard in-16, to Paul Langer.