ANDY WARHOL & GERARD MALANGA 1928-1987 & b. 194

Literature
Malanga & Warhol, Screen Tests: A Diary, 1967, cat. no. 4, 22, 33, 35, 37, 38, 45, 47, 54; Malanga, Archiving Warhol: An Illustrated History, 1988, p. 68, 70, 73, 79, 92, 112; Bourdon, Warhol, 1989, cat. no. 164, p. 178, p. 198; The Andy Warhol Museum, Andy Warhol Photography, 1999, p. 116; Skira, Super Warhol, 2003, p. 247, 248; and Angell, The Andy Warhol Screen Tests: The Films of Andy Warhol Catalogue Raisonné, 2006, cat. nos. ST19 (Baum), ST114 (Holzer), ST215 (Menken), ST226 (Morrissey), ST235 (Nicholson), ST238 (Nico), ST276 (Ricard), ST288 (Russell), ST349 (Warhol), ST357 (Woronov) for the same or slight variants of these images

In 1963, Andy Warhol purchased a 16mm camera and embarked on a five year experiment with filmmaking. During 1964-1966, Warhol and Gerard Malanga expanded the definition of portraiture by filming over 500 individuals in three to four minute black and white silent movies. Called Screen Tests, Warhol asked his subjects to sit in a chair, motionless, facing a still camera while 100 feet of film rolled. The films were then played back at a slower speed simulating a silent movie. Ultimately "the sitter was confronting his or her self, the camera became a mirror, metaphorically speaking, (where) anything could happen during the three minutes". These movies were not just a director's tool for choosing actors for films but also became a photographic portrait. The end product went from a movie film, to an inter-neg and finally became an actual photograph portrait on paper (Andy Warhol Photography, 1999, p. 118). As a document of the mid-sixties' avant-garde, the Screen Tests are portraits of the diverse population of cultural figures, all linked through their shared and sometime brief connection with Warhol (Callie, Andy Warhol Screen Tests, p. 13). The Screen Tests were the beginning of the future where "everyone will be world-famous for 15 minutes" – Andy Warhol, 1968.