BEACHWOOD, Ohio – Before the 1850s, few chairs were made for comfort. Seventeenth and early 18th-century American chairs were designed with hard seats and straight backs, and few had arms. No slouching allowed. People were expected to sit up straight. Since most people worked during the day and went to bed when it was dark (there was no electricity), chairs were used for short periods of time when friends visited or the family sat for dinner. Jobs like bookkeeping or sewing were among the few that required the use of chairs for longer periods of time. By the end of the 18th century, chairs had padded seats, curved backs and arms. Some were large upholstered wing chairs made for comfort and to protect the sitter from cold drafts. Sometimes an event influenced chair shapes. Egyptian Revival chairs were created to celebrate Napoleon’s victories in Egypt. The chairs had winged arms and their backs were carved with Egyptian symbols like a bird’s beak that poked the sitter. Early Victorian designers preferred hard upholstered seats and arms for sofas and large chairs, but their chairs were curved for seating comfort. By about 1850, coil springs were invented and used with stuffing in seats. Comfort became even more important. The 20th century saw the introduction of good artificial lighting and the invention of games, radio, television and other entertainment that required seated players, listeners or viewers. So designers stressed soft cushions, padded arms and comfort. But some designers wanted a different look for furniture and once again comfort suffered. “High-style” included chairs in strange shapes made with hard materials like laminated wood, metal or plastic.
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Q: An old friend of my mother’s gave me a jardiniere and pedestal marked “1903 Avon” and “F.H. 1011.” Can you tell me who made it?
A: Avon Works was founded in Tiltonsville, Ohio, in about 1880. It became Avon Faience Co. in 1902 and a department of Wheeling Potteries Co. of Wheeling, W.Va., in January 1903. “F.H.” refers to Frederick Hurten Rhead (1880-1942). He was born in England and immigrated to the United States in 1902. He made art pottery for Avon in 1903. Rhead left in 1904 to become art director of Roseville Pottery of Zanesville, Ohio.
Q: I have an all-black cameo pin that, according to my family, belonged to my great-great-great grandmother in the 1870s. It looks almost as if were made from coal. Someone told me it was “mourning jewelry” worn by a widow for at least a year after her husband’s death. How much of this information is true?
A: Queen Victoria of England went into deep mourning when her husband, Prince Albert, died in 1861. She wore black clothes and jewelry for the rest of her life. Fashionable women dressed in black, too. Black cameos were made from jet, vulcanite, bog oak or onyx, and it is difficult to tell them apart. Jet jewelry is considered the best quality. Jet is fossilized wood, a form of coal that is naturally black and can be carved. Vulcanite is a manmade type of rubber. It is lightweight and molded, not carved. The color is a dark brown-black and will turn more brown if exposed to sunlight for a long time. Bog oak is fossilized wood found in bogs. It is hard and black or dark brown, but not as shiny as jet when polished. All of these are lightweight and warm to the touch. Black onyx is a form of quartz. It’s heavy and cool to the touch. It polishes to a very shiny finish. Most is color-enhanced — dyed black so the color is even. It also is used for quality jewelry.
Q: Many sellers on eBay have said that Japanese buyers are paying high prices for Fire-King glassware and buying a lot of it. Some say they think the Japanese are buying it to make copies that will hurt Fire-King’s values and collectability. Or are Japanese collectors into 1950s kitchen decor?
A: Japanese buyers seem to like the simple glass designs of the 1950s as much as American collectors do. The value of the dollar versus the yen makes American eBay items inexpensive at times in Japan. Of course, shipping must add a lot to the cost. But the reproductions you should worry about are those that have been made in Brazil since 2000.
Q: What are “naughties”?
A: Naughties are small (under 4 inches high) bisque figurines of women, men or children in suggestive poses. Each figurine has a hole in it so water can come out of its private parts. The most common naughty figurines are children urinating. Busts of women with holes in their breasts were also made. Naughties were made in Germany from the 1890s until the 1920s. Later, poor copies were made in Japan. Reproductions are being made, and some have been sold online. For many years it was suggested that the figures held perfume, but that seems unlikely. Unglazed bisque is not a practical container for an alcohol-based liquid.
Q: I have a brass Jack Daniel’s belt buckle dated 1904. On the front it says, “St. Louis, Mo. Exposition 1904,” and on the back there’s a turtle and the words “Buckle Company.” Does it have any value?
A: You have a modern “fantasy” belt buckle. The design on the front is a copy of a paper label. Jasper Newton “Jack” Daniel (1846-1911) founded a distillery in Lynchburg, Tenn., in 1875. The distillery won a gold medal at the 1904 St. Louis World’s Fair. In 1911 Daniel developed an infection in a toe, which he reportedly hurt when he kicked his safe because he couldn’t remember the combination. He died from blood poisoning. His dying words were, “One last drink, please.” The fantasy buckles sell for $8 to $15.
Tip: Milk glass will yellow with repeated washings in a dishwasher.
Terry Kovel answers as many questions as possible through the column. By sending a letter with a question, you give full permission for use in the column or any other Kovel forum. Names, addresses or
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CURRENT PRICES
Current prices are recorded from antiques shows, flea markets, sales and auctions throughout the United States. Prices vary in different locations because of local economic conditions.
Butterick Quick ‘n’ Easy dress pattern, sleeveless, full skirt, c. 1962, 36-inch bust, 28-inch waist, $18.
Arthur Murray Studios World Dance-o-Rama medallion, bronze award, outline of dancers, Medallic Arts Co., Danbury, Conn., 1970s, 2 3/4 inches, $35.
Grape-Nuts premiums catalog, “Win with Dizzy Dean” on cover, 33 premiums, information on how to obtain premiums and how to join club, 1935, 12 pages, $85.
Chorus girls pin, celluloid, three blond dancing girls with hands raised, manager watching, 1930s, 1 3/8 x 2 inches, $95.
Estee Lauder perfume compact, “Little Doll in Red Wagon,” doll sits in red-and-black enamel toy wagon, EL Pleasures perfume, $225.
Battleship Oregon still bank, cast iron, black with gold and red accents, J.&E. Stevens, cast iron, c. 1893, 6 x 4 7/8 inches, $1,085.
Madame Alexander Margaret O’Brien doll, pink dress, brown hair with coiled braids, hazel sleep eyes, closed mouth, jointed, 1946, 21 inches, $1,300.
Victorian cast-iron garden bench, Renaissance Scroll pattern, female mask, overlapping ovals, floral scroll and shell apron, cabriole legs, 1900s, 31 x 44 inches, $1,600.
Pieced and appliqued quilt, four urns with long-stem blossoms, buds, berries and leaves, red, yellow & green garland border, white cotton ground, 1880s, 85 x 84 inches, $2,840.
Wedgwood fairyland luster bowl, Argus Pheasant pattern, pink and red pheasants, flowers and butterflies, inside with medallion of pheasant standing on one foot, signed, 8 inches, $5,750.
New! A quick, easy guide to identifying valuable costume jewelry made since the 1920s. “Kovels’ Buyer’s Guide to Costume Jewelry, Part Two,” a report on the most popular styles, makers and designers of costume jewelry made in Europe and the United States. The report makes you an informed collector and may get you a great buy. Photos, marks, histories and bibliography. Special Report, 2011, 8 1/2 x 5 1/2 in., 36 pp. Available only from Kovels. Order by phone at
800-303-1996; online at Kovels.com; or send $19.95 plus $4.95 postage and handling to Kovels, Box 22900, Beachwood, OH 44122.
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© 2011 by Cowles Syndicate Inc.
