LAGUNA NIGUEL, Calif. – In Cooperstown, N.Y., the National Baseball Hall of Fame displays a plaque dedicated to Alexander Joy Cartwright Jr. that dubs him the ”Father of Modern Base Ball.” The further monument credits Cartwright as having “set bases 90 feet apart” and “established 9 innings as game and 9 players as team.” However, through the research efforts of SCP Auctions and baseball historian John Thorn, new discoveries of the 160-year-old documents titled “Laws of Base Ball” have confirmed that the invention of baseball’s most foundational rules have been wrongly credited.

SCP Auctions has identified the author of the groundbreaking 1857 “Laws of Base Ball” documents as Daniel Lucius “Doc” Adams, who was then serving as president of the New York Knickerbockers, the baseball club founded by Cartwright in 1845.

Adams drafted the manuscript, which goes up for auction next month, for presentation at the historic Base Ball Convention of 1857 in New York City. The significant gathering of 14 New York area clubs was initiated by a desire to codify “Rules for Match Games of Base Ball.” Adams’ “Laws of Base Ball” were the focal point of the convention and among dozens of newly proposed rules and guidelines established for the first time:

• the base paths at 90 feet;
• the number of men to a side at nine;
• the duration of the game at nine innings, rather than first club to score 21 runs;
• a specified pitcher’s distance; and
• constraints on betting and “revolving” (the practice by which a man could play for another club whenever he liked).

“When Doc Adams set to work in late 1856, none of these aspects of the game were settled,” said Thorn. “This was some seven years after Cartwright had left New York for Hawaii, never to return. For his role in making baseball the success it is, Doc Adams may now be counted as first among the founding fathers of baseball.”

The documents first surfaced in 1999 in a general (nonsports) manuscript auction. Presented with no known authorship and a minimal catalog description, they were purchased sight-unseen by a Texas bidder for $12,650. For the past 17 years the documents have been kept in a desk drawer and paid little attention to until the buyer recently enlisted SCP Auctions to research their origin.

“When we started to peel back the layers of information held within these documents, and their origin and purpose was revealed, we were overwhelmed by the gravity of their historical significance,” said Dan Imler, vice president of SCP Auctions. The firm now believes their value could exceed $1 million in the company’s 2016 Spring Premier online auction next month.

“No earlier baseball manuscript of this significance has ever come onto the open market,” said Thorn. “In 1857, baseball made its great leap forward, and these are the documents that reveal what it was like to be present at the creation.”

The sports world has known few transcendent foundational documents that have surfaced in original form. Among them are James Naismith’s 1891 Original Rules of Basketball (sold for $4.3 million) and the 1859 Original Rules of Soccer (sold for $1.4 million).

“It’s difficult to put a value on an object of such singular importance but we feel it is worthy of a substantial seven-figure price,” said Imler.

Bidding is open to registered bidders only at www.scpauctions.com beginning on Wednesday., April 6, and closing on Saturday, April 23.