Carolingian, the period of Charlemagne. The emergence from the Dark Ages is embodied in the rise to power of the Frankish King, Charlemagne in 768 (founder of the Holy Roman Empire after 800) followed by conquering southern Europe from France to Italy and much of Northern Europe. The condition for peace was the acceptance of Christianity, under penalty of death. Conversion was effective and Northern Europeans, primarily Saxons, wore small crosses to affirm their Christianity. This is an original Northern European "profession of faith" crosses 1000-1300 years old, just under 7/8" height. Trefoil beam terminals representing the "crutches" of the Crusader's cross an element in the arms of Godfrey of Bouillon which he wore during the First Crusade. He was the first ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem from 1099 to 1100. For that reason, it is also known as the Jerusalem Cross. It is five crosses in one, representing the five wounds of Christ. Professionally refurbished with the silver surface restored on a Sterling silver neck chain for modern wear. Gift boxed with certificate of authenticity.Purchases of one or more ancient jewelry lots (that have $13 flat shipping prices) will only cost $13 in total combined shipping. •Celtic Roman Viking Medieval Norse Scandinavian ancient ring bracelet necklace