Ancient Near East, Holy Land, early Byzantine Empire, ca. 6th to 9th century CE. A forged-iron processional cross with four arms presented atop a conical socketing shaft. The upper arm has two prongs on the corners, with two larger points protruding from the bottom arm, and traces of a tapered point on one lateral arm. Processional crosses like this example would be mounted atop slender wooden poles for all to witness. The Byzantine Empire was established in the 4th century CE when the Emperor Constantine, also known as Saint Constantine, Christianized the Roman Empire and pronounced the city of Constantinople in Byzantium as the capital. The visual culture of this era demonstrates a synthesis of classical Greek, Roman, and Christian influences. Size: 5.55" W x 9.125" H (14.1 cm x 23.2 cm); 9.7" H (24.6 cm) on included custom stand.

Provenance: Purchased from Janet Zakos, Switzerland 1995

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#140012

Small losses to arms and socketing shaft as shown. Slight bending to overall form, with extensive oxidation and pitting commensurate with age, and some flaking. Light earthen deposits throughout.