[BANK OF THE UNITED STATES]. Gazette of the United States. Reprints the by-laws for the regulation of the Bank of the United States. Philadelphia: John Fenno, 12 November 1791. Vol. 3, No. 57. 4pp., folio (400 x 254 mm), old folds, some discoloration to fold. The Bank of the United States was a central bank chartered by the U.S. federal government, created to address financial issues, and establish economic stability. It was first conceived by Alexander Hamilton, the first Secretary of the Treasury, and was established in 1791 in Philadelphia. The bank’s primary functions included holding government funds, issuing banknotes, and regulating state-chartered banks to promote a sound banking system. However, the Bank of the United States became a source of controversy. Critics, including Thomas Jefferson and his political allies, opposed it on the grounds that they believed it concentrated too much financial power in the hands of the federal government and favored the interests of the wealthy. The debate over the bank’s renewal led to its expiration in 1811. A second Bank of the United States was chartered in 1816 but faced similar opposition. In 1832, President Andrew Jackson vetoed the renewal of its charter, leading to the bank’s eventual demise in 1836.