**Originally Listed At $600**

Western Europe, England, Scotland, France, Germany, & Netherlands, ca. 19th century CE. A fine collection of 19 bowls and 3 stem fragments (22 pieces total) from tobacco pipes, each mold-formed from clay. Most are a minimalist design and some have linear or stippled patterns, a few are more ornate, one has a bird and Freemasonry symbol. One stem fragment is stamped "Glasgow" and another with "McDougall," and a bowl underside has "TD" and another with "M." The company Duncan McDougall in Glasgow Scotland began manufacturing pipes in 1846, the "TD" initial might have been marks for the company's manager, Thomas Davidson. Pipes were mass produced in Europe and North America for everyday use - men, women, and children smoked tobacco not only for the pleasure and health benefits - but the smell often masked the stink of city sewage. The slender stems broke easily making these pipes disposable- often tossed away as litter. Size of bowl with Freemason symbol: 2.5" L x 1" W (6.4 cm x 2.5 cm); stem fragment: 3" L x 0.2" W (7.6 cm x 0.5 cm)

Provenance: private Lumberton, Texas, USA collection, acquired before 2010

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#183354

Fragments as shown. Losses to stems and chips throughout. Some perforations to bowls. Mineral deposits within stems and pipes.