Russia, 18th century CE. A beautiful enameled brass three bar cross, with the crucified Christ taking central place but smaller scenes in low relief detail surrounding him and creating the detailed, ornate effect that is so common to Orthodox religious art. The three-barred cross is the most symbolic and common shape in the Orthodox Church. The short topmost bar represents the sign reading "This is the King of the Jews" from Luke 23:38 that was nailed to the top of Christ's cross; the short bottom-most bar represents the foot rest on Christ's cross. This is depicted as slanted because it is believed that, in Christ's final moments, he kicked it out of place. The right side points upward to Heaven and the left side points downward to Hell. Here, the uppermost bar contains a scene of heaven; the lower bar shows a scene on earth. At the bottom of the cross is a skull which represents the skull of Adam, and below his feet are four letters meaning, "The place of the skull became Paradise", to remind us that Adam lost Paradise through forbidden knowledge, and Christ will return us to it. Dark, navy blue and pale, sky blue enamel give background details. Size: 4.55" W x 7.8" H (11.6 cm x 19.8 cm)

Provenance: Ex-Priavte LA County collection

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#117669

Losses to the enamel as shown. The cross also has a great deal of wear to the design, although many of the details are still clear.