Central Asia, Tibet, ca. late 19th to early 20th century. A framed ensemble of three Tibetan Buddhist miniature paintings known as tsaklis (also tsakalis) traditionally used as initiation cards for the training of monks. On the left is a male deity in yab-yum with his female consort. Yab-yum literally means "man-woman" and this tantric sensual union represents peace-making between spiritual polarities. The next two compositions depict Bhairava (also known as Mahakala Bhairava or Kala Bhairava in Hindu), a wrathful form of the Hindu god Shiva who protects his devotees from their enemies. The central Bhairava is red, while Bhairava on the right is blue. Both stand in a similar dance-like pose with extended limbs; both wear the tradition 5-skull crown as well as tiger skins and aprons adorned with human bones; the red Bhairava also dons a serpent around his neck and a garland of skulls; both are bedecked with jewels; and both are surrounded by a mandorla of red flames. Size: 4" L x 3" W (10.2 cm x 7.6 cm); 8" L x 14.75" W (20.3 cm x 37.5 cm) framed

As Thangka expert Ben Meulenbeld explains, yab-yum is a "non-orgasmic action that is meant to express the elimination of duality" (Buddhist Symbolism in Tibetan Thangkas, p. 73). It represents the male (symbolizing compassion and skillful means) in sexual union with the female (symbolizing wisdom and insight).

Bhairava is the frightful wandering form of Shiva; there are 64 Bhairavas who guard the cardinal points. Traditionally, he is ornamented with twisted serpents, that serve as earrings, anklets, bracelets, as well as yajnopavita (sacred thread). In addition, Bhairava dons a tiger skin and an apron comprised of human bones.

Provenance: private New Jersey, USA collection; acquired via internet auction 2005 to 2010

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#159720

These paintings have not been examined outside the frame. Leftmost painting appears to have a tear/possibly repaired to upper border over the deity's halo. All paintings show some expected age wear, but the images and hues are still vivid. A few scuffs/nicks to the frame as shown. Gallery paper on verso was taped around the edges to reinforce at some point. Wired for suspension.