Ecole polytechnique, then military career. In 1894, he was sentenced to life exile by a military court on falsified evidence and publicly degraded. His family requested a review of the trial, with the help of Emile Zola, who wrote an open letter to the President of the Republic. A first review took place, which reduced the sentence to ten years' imprisonment, but he was pardoned by President Loubet. He then lived in Carpentras, then Cologny. In 1906, the judgement was overturned and he was reinstated in the army and awarded the LŽgion d'Honneur. After his retirement, he was mobilised for the Great War.Visiting card of Dreyfus and his wife with a few autograph words: ÒEst-ce Monsieur ou Madame ?Ó.