Black pottery Phoenix-head Vase, height 20cm, length 20cm, width 13cm. It is a ritual vessel from the Longshan Culture or the Shang-Zhou period, belonging to the "eggshell black pottery" technique system. The black pottery has a fine texture and a dark, shiny surface. It is made using the techniques of wheel throwing, mold making, and incising. The shape is a Phoenix-head Vase, with the Phoenix head standing upright and the abdomen engraved with geometric patterns. The overall design is powerful and ancient. It dates from the late Neolithic period to the Shang-Zhou period (before the Ming Dynasty). Black pottery was the peak of early pottery-making techniques in China. This vase has a unique design and is an important physical evidence for studying the ritual system and pottery-making techniques from prehistoric times to the Shang-Zhou period.