Roman, Phoenicia/Holy Land, Imperial Period, ca. 2nd to 4th century CE. A stunning lead sarcophagus panel decorated in relief exhibiting a winged female sphinx on a pedestal facing left flanked by two trifoliate laurel leaves on either side. The mysterious mythic creature is seated inside a diamond shaped border embellished with round-petalled flowers, berries, and pairs of leaves. The very top of the fragment boasts a lovely braided motif. This example is replete with symbolism. The sphinx held apotropaic function as the guardians of tombs, while the leaves refer to actual garlands and flowers used to decorate tombs and altars. Size: 12.75" W x 8.75" H (32.4 cm x 22.2 cm)

Prior to the 2nd century, Romans cremated their dead; around that time, they became inspired by the Greek and Etruscan practice of using sarcophagi, and they began to make coffins. This trend spread rapidly throughout the Roman Empire and between social stratums. While those of nobility would commission marble sarcophagi, the middle class would commission lead sarcophagi, such as this one. Lead sarcophagi were only made in Phoenicia, or the Eastern part of the empire, but were shipped west due to popularity.

Provenance: ex Estate of Eldert Bontekoe, Pegasi Numismatics, Ann Arbor, Michigan USA acquired before 2000

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#159571

Fragment of a larger program. Stable fissures on left side and smaller one on right. Light fading to relief detail with nicks, chips, and scratches commensurate with age. Otherwise, excellent with rich patina and lovely earthen deposits throughout.