EUROPEAN CRUSADER'S CROSS NECKLACE, 12TH CENTURY

The Lorraine cross with double cross beams in a circular surround. The form, size, and workmanship are specifically related to the Crusader's crosses bearing the Jerusalem cross in honor of Godfrey of

The Lorraine cross with double cross beams in a circular surround. The form, size, and workmanship are specifically related to the Crusader's crosses bearing the Jerusalem cross in honor of Godfrey of

The Lorraine cross with the beam terminals crossed (called bearing crutches) resulting in five crosses in one, remembering the five wounds of Christ. The beam terminals here joined as a circle enclosi

1096-1291. Circular, pierced with a cross potent, i.e. with "crutches" at the beam ends. That form is also known as the Crusader's cross, having been an element in the arms of Godfrey Bouillon which h

The Lorraine cross with double cross beams in an oval surround. The form, size, and workmanship are specifically related to the Crusader's crosses bearing the Jerusalem cross in honor of Godfrey of Bo

The Lorraine cross with double cross beams in a circular surround. The form, size, and workmanship are specifically related to the Crusader's crosses bearing the Jerusalem cross in honor of Godfrey of

The Lorraine cross with double cross beams in an oval surround. The form, size, and workmanship are specifically related to the Crusader's crosses bearing the Jerusalem cross in honor of Godfrey of Bo

The Lorraine cross with double cross beams in an oval surround. The form, size, and workmanship are specifically related to the Crusader's crosses bearing the Jerusalem cross in honor of Godfrey of Bo

11th-12th century AD. A large bronze pin head formed as equal-armed cross, in a later restrung necklace comprising of tubular mosaic glass beads, one large silver globular bead; Eastern European workm

Silvered bronze. Circular, 22.9mm, 0.90", narrow outer edge, pierced with a cross potent, i.e. with "crutches" at the beam ends. That form is also known as the Crusader's cross, having been an element

Silvered bronze. Circular, 26.8mm, 1.05", crenulated outer edge, pierced with a cross potent, i.e. with "crutches" at the beam ends. That form is also known as the Crusader's cross, having been an ele

Silvered bronze. Circular, 21.7mm, 0.85" pierced with a cross potent, i.e. with "crutches" at the beam ends. That form is also known as the Crusader's cross, having been an element in the arms of Godf

17th-18th century, Ukraine /Russia. Gilt bronze, just under 1 1/2" height plus the suspension loop. Elegant form with a raised cross-centered. The charges above. Reverse plain, with slight depressions

Silvered bronze, about 3/4" height plus the suspension loop. The crossbeam above canter and the beam ends bifurcated based on the Maltese Cross. The front with four concentric circles, probably a carr

Gilt bronze, just over 1 1/8" total height with centered cross beam and a square at the intersection. The back hollowed for the inclusion of a sacred relic. The front with an incised cross with "crutc

1096-1291. An actual pendant as worn by a crusader nearly 1000 years ago! Circular, pierced with a cross potent, "crutches" at the beam ends. That form is also known as the Crusader's cross, having be

1096-1291. An actual pendant is worn by a crusader nearly 1000 years ago! Circular, pierced with a cross potent, "crutches" at the beam ends. That form is also known as the Crusader's cross, having be

1096-1291. An actual pendant as worn by a crusader nearly 1000 years ago! Circular, pierced with a cross potent, "crutches" at the beam ends. That form is also known as the Crusader's cross, having be

1096-1291. An actual pendant as worn by a crusader nearly 1000 years ago! Circular, pierced with a cross potent, "crutches" at the beam ends. That form is also known as the Crusader's cross, having be

1096-1291. An actual pendant is worn by a crusader nearly 1000 years ago! Circular, pierced with a cross potent, "crutches" at the beam ends. That form is also known as the Crusader's cross, having be

The emergence from the Dark Ages is embodied in the rise to power of the Frankish King, Charlemagne in 768 (founder of the Holy Roman Empire after 800) followed by conquering southern Europe from Fran

The emergence from the Dark Ages is embodied in the rise to power of the Frankish King, Charlemagne in 768 (founder of the Holy Roman Empire after 800) followed by conquering southern Europe from Fran

The emergence from the Dark Ages is embodied in the rise to power of the Frankish King, Charlemagne in 768 (founder of the Holy Roman Empire after 800) followed by conquering southern Europe from Fran

Charlemagne's conquest of most of northern Europe in the eight century was followed by forced conversion to Christianity under penalty of death. The conversion was effective and Northern Europeans, pr