FRANCIS NEWTON SOUZA (1934-2002) UNTITLED "HEAD", SIGNED TOP LEFT & DATED 61

Pen and Pencil on Paper
Size: 29 x 21.5 inches

Provenance: Property of a French Gentleman

Footnotes: Born on April 12, 1924, in Saligao, Goa, Francis Newton Souza, a pivotal figure in
shaping India's Modern Art movement, co-founded the Progressive Artists Group. Raised in
strict Roman Catholicism under Portuguese Colonial rule, Souza's tumultuous journey saw
him briefly contemplate becoming a Jesuit priest. However, expelled from Jesuit school for
his artistic inclinations, Souza pursued art at the Sir J.J. School of Art in Bombay, blending
Western principles with a newfound appreciation for India's artistic heritage. A fervent
Communist, he founded the Progressive Artists Group in 1948 but later distanced himself
from the party.Souza's artistic breakthrough occurred in 1945 with "The Blue Lady," marking
a departure from traditional techniques. Despite financial struggles, his London exhibition in
1955 garnered success, supported by American patron Harold Kovner. Souza's unapologetic
individualism in art and writings, like 'Nirvana of a Maggot' and 'Words and Lines,' left an
indelible mark. He passed away in Mumbai in 2002, with posthumous exhibitions celebrating
his legacy worldwide.