Ox-shaped Spacer Bead, length 2 cm, width 1 cm, weight 27 g. A component of noble ornaments of the northern nomadic peoples (Xiongnu) from the Warring States Period to the Han Dynasty, unearthed from grassland culture tombs. Pure gold, made by repoussé and chasing techniques. The ox-shaped outline is formed by repoussé on thin gold sheets with chased textures, and a central perforation for stringing; the realistic and vivid shape embodies the characteristics of grassland culture. Warring States Period to Han Dynasty (5th century BC – 3rd century AD). As a gold artifact of the northern grassland nomadic peoples, it reflects the cultural exchanges and craftsmanship level among ethnic groups at that time. Pure gold and well-preserved spacer beads are rare in existence, and hold important academic value for the study of early Silk Road trade and nomadic culture.